Difference between revisions of "Cement"
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= Innovative Cement Technologies in Development = | = Innovative Cement Technologies in Development = | ||
| − | == Sublime Systems Electrochemical Cement== | + | === Sublime Systems Electrochemical Cement=== |
Sublime Systems are developing an electrochemical process to produce lime (CaO) at room temperature using renewable energy and no carbon emissions. | Sublime Systems are developing an electrochemical process to produce lime (CaO) at room temperature using renewable energy and no carbon emissions. | ||
:[https://medium.com/@SublimeSystems/can-you-make-zero-carbon-cement-476d73892656 Cement made at ambient temperature, using renewable electricity, for a decarbonized future] - Ellis and Chiang - Medium, January 18, 2023 | :[https://medium.com/@SublimeSystems/can-you-make-zero-carbon-cement-476d73892656 Cement made at ambient temperature, using renewable electricity, for a decarbonized future] - Ellis and Chiang - Medium, January 18, 2023 | ||
| − | == Swinburne University == | + | === Swinburne University === |
:[https://newatlas.com/materials/cement-free-bendable-concrete/ Bendable concrete goes cement-free to cut environmental footprint] - New Atlas - Michael Irving - March 03, 2020 | :[https://newatlas.com/materials/cement-free-bendable-concrete/ Bendable concrete goes cement-free to cut environmental footprint] - New Atlas - Michael Irving - March 03, 2020 | ||
:[https://interestingengineering.com/bendable-green-and-cement-free-concrete-created-to-better-withstand-earthquakes Bendable, Green, and Cement-Free Concrete Created to Better Withstand Earthquakes] - Interesting Engineering - Loukia Papadopoulos - March 05, 2020 | :[https://interestingengineering.com/bendable-green-and-cement-free-concrete-created-to-better-withstand-earthquakes Bendable, Green, and Cement-Free Concrete Created to Better Withstand Earthquakes] - Interesting Engineering - Loukia Papadopoulos - March 05, 2020 | ||
| − | == Solida | + | === Solida Technonogies === |
URL: [https://solidiatech.com/ https://solidiatech.com/] | URL: [https://solidiatech.com/ https://solidiatech.com/] | ||
| − | ''“At scale, each year Solidia’s | + | ''“At scale, each year Solidia’s Technologies will be able to reduce:'' |
* ''the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 70%, equaling 1.5 gigatonnes or ~4% of the world’s CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, with the potential to do more;'' | * ''the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 70%, equaling 1.5 gigatonnes or ~4% of the world’s CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, with the potential to do more;'' | ||
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Using a proprietary cement that’s not Portland they cure concrete blocks in 100% CO<sub>2</sub> chambers. The CO<sub>2</sub> comes from sources that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere. So this reduces emissions. Such precast concrete can be 15-50% of the local market. | Using a proprietary cement that’s not Portland they cure concrete blocks in 100% CO<sub>2</sub> chambers. The CO<sub>2</sub> comes from sources that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere. So this reduces emissions. Such precast concrete can be 15-50% of the local market. | ||
| − | == CarbonCure Technologies == | + | === CarbonCure Technologies === |
URL: [https://www.carboncure.com/ https://www.carboncure.com/] | URL: [https://www.carboncure.com/ https://www.carboncure.com/] | ||
Like Solida CarboCure aims to cure concrete blocks in 100% CO<sub>2</sub> chambers but with regular Portland cement. The CO<sub>2</sub> comes from sources that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere thus reducing emissions. | Like Solida CarboCure aims to cure concrete blocks in 100% CO<sub>2</sub> chambers but with regular Portland cement. The CO<sub>2</sub> comes from sources that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere thus reducing emissions. | ||
| − | == Calix Cement and Lime == | + | === Calix Cement and Lime === |
URL: [https://www.calix.global/industries/industry-cement-lime/ https://www.calix.global/industries/industry-cement-lime/] | URL: [https://www.calix.global/industries/industry-cement-lime/ https://www.calix.global/industries/industry-cement-lime/] | ||
Their kilns separate the limestone from the source of heat (fired natural gas instead of commonly used coal) and separately captures the CO<sub>2 </sub>for other uses, e.g. for CarbonCure concrete. | Their kilns separate the limestone from the source of heat (fired natural gas instead of commonly used coal) and separately captures the CO<sub>2 </sub>for other uses, e.g. for CarbonCure concrete. | ||
| − | == Carbicrete == | + | === Carbicrete === |
URL: [http://carbicrete.com/ http://carbicrete.com/] | URL: [http://carbicrete.com/ http://carbicrete.com/] | ||
Uses slag a byproduct of steel-making instead of limestone to make ‘cement-free’ concrete. | Uses slag a byproduct of steel-making instead of limestone to make ‘cement-free’ concrete. | ||
Revision as of 01:50, 9 March 2024
Contents
What is important about Cement
Cement is the active ingredient that goes into making concrete. Cement along with water, sand and aggregates of varying ratios is used to make the construction material, concrete. Concrete, invented in Roman times, is used extensively in buildings, bridges and roads. Growth in the developing world is expected to increase the demand for more and more cement. Given its CO2 emissions from both the burned fuel used in cement kilns and the decomposition of calcium carbonate rocks to lime (calcium oxide), it's a problem. There is progress in alternatives to cement, different chemistries and reducing usage.
Worldwide, cement manufacturing currently generates 8% of global warming CO2 emissions as reported in:
- Making Concrete Change: Innovation in Low-carbon Cement and Concrete - Chatham House - June 2018
- "To bring the cement sector in line with the Paris Agreement on climate change, its annual emissions will need to fall by at least 16 per cent by 2030."
Reducing CO2 Emissions
Solar Cement Processing (5% anthropogenic C02 Source, also George Washington University, 2012)
- "Solar thermal process produces cement with no carbon dioxide emissions" - Phys.org - Lisa Zyga - April 10, 2012
Reinventing Cement report
- "The Race to Reinvent Cement" - Anthopocene Magazine - Akshat Rathi - 2017
Reducing Cement Usage
Environmentally friendly concrete is discussed in:
- "In Pursuit of Environmentally-Friendly Concrete" - Building Enclosure - August 2, 2019
where alternative mixes (recipes) are reviewed.
Green Cement
From Wikipedia on Cement
- “Green cement is a cementitious material that meets or exceeds the functional performance capabilities of ordinary Portland cement by incorporating and optimizing recycled materials, thereby reducing consumption of natural raw materials, water, and energy, resulting in a more sustainable construction material.
- New manufacturing processes for producing green cement are being researched with the goal to reduce, or even eliminate, the production and release of damaging pollutants and greenhouse gasses, particularly CO2.
- Growing environmental concerns and the increasing cost of fuels of fossil origin have resulted in many countries in a sharp reduction of the resources needed to produce cement and effluents (dust and exhaust gases).
- A team at the University of Edinburgh has developed the 'DUPE' process based on the microbial activity of Sporosarcina pasteurii, a bacterium precipitating calcium carbonate, which, when mixed with sand and urine, can produce mortar blocks with a compressive strength 70 % of that of conventional construction materials.”
Innovative Cement Technologies in Development
Sublime Systems Electrochemical Cement
Sublime Systems are developing an electrochemical process to produce lime (CaO) at room temperature using renewable energy and no carbon emissions.
- Cement made at ambient temperature, using renewable electricity, for a decarbonized future - Ellis and Chiang - Medium, January 18, 2023
Swinburne University
- Bendable concrete goes cement-free to cut environmental footprint - New Atlas - Michael Irving - March 03, 2020
- Bendable, Green, and Cement-Free Concrete Created to Better Withstand Earthquakes - Interesting Engineering - Loukia Papadopoulos - March 05, 2020
Solida Technonogies
“At scale, each year Solidia’s Technologies will be able to reduce:
- the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 70%, equaling 1.5 gigatonnes or ~4% of the world’s CO2 emissions, with the potential to do more;
- water usage up to 100%, avoiding the consumption of 3 trillion gallons of fresh water…enough to fill 1 million Olympic swimming pools;
- energy consumption at cement plants equal to ~260 million barrels of oil/year (or 67 million tonnes of coal); and
- landfills by eliminating at least 100 million tonnes of concrete waste,
- …while transforming CO2 into a valuable commodity.”
Using a proprietary cement that’s not Portland they cure concrete blocks in 100% CO2 chambers. The CO2 comes from sources that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere. So this reduces emissions. Such precast concrete can be 15-50% of the local market.
CarbonCure Technologies
URL: https://www.carboncure.com/
Like Solida CarboCure aims to cure concrete blocks in 100% CO2 chambers but with regular Portland cement. The CO2 comes from sources that would otherwise be vented to the atmosphere thus reducing emissions.
Calix Cement and Lime
URL: https://www.calix.global/industries/industry-cement-lime/
Their kilns separate the limestone from the source of heat (fired natural gas instead of commonly used coal) and separately captures the CO2 for other uses, e.g. for CarbonCure concrete.
Carbicrete
Uses slag a byproduct of steel-making instead of limestone to make ‘cement-free’ concrete.
